The study was conducted for the state of Assam using secondary data for the period pertaining to 2002-03 to 2012-13 with the objectives to examine the structural transformation of economic and other activities in the fishery sector of the state. It was observed that India has shared 5.68 % of total fish production and China is the major fish producing country with low annual growth. In India, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh are the major fish producing states. Share of Assam in country’s fish production is marginal. The total fish production in the country was contributed mainly by area followed by productivity and area affect was found to be highly elastic. Area under pond fish and derelict water bodies was found to increase in the state. Nagaon district had the highest number of eco hatcheries in the state with marginal growth. Plan allocation for fishery sector in the state was found to decline with a decline of demand supply gap during the last decade. The fishery sector was found to more promising in contributing to state domestic product and the state needs comprehensive policy for increasing productivity and more area under ponds and derelict water bodies with higher plan allocation in the fishery sector. More Eco hatcheries should be developed in different districts with better extension service for increasing production of fish in the state.